Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Preliminary Instructions Before Opening Statements

1.01	Preliminary Instructions to Jury Panel

1.02	Role of the Jury

1.03	Conduct of the Jury

1.04	Bench (Side-Bar) Conferences

1.05	Note Taking by Jurors

1.06	Questions by Jurors of Witnesses

1.07	Description of Trial Proceedings

1.08	Evidence (What is)

1.09	Direct and Circumstantial Evidence

1.10	Credibility of Witnesses

1.11	Nature of the Indictment

1.12	Elements of the Offense(s) Charged

1.13	Presumption of Innocence; Burden of Proof; Reasonable Doubt

1.14	Separate Consideration – Single Defendant Charged With Multiple Offenses

1.15	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Single Offense

1.16	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Same Offense

1.17	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Different Offenses

1.18	Pro Se Defendant

1.19	Corporate Criminal Responsibility

Chapter 2. Instructions For Use During Trial

2.01	Recesses

2.02	Stipulated Testimony

2.03	Stipulation of Fact

2.04	Judicial Notice (F.R.E. 201)

2.05	Audio/Video Recordings - Consensual

2.06	Audio/Video Recordings - Non-consensual (Wiretaps)

2.07	Audio/Video Recordings - Transcripts

2.08	Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language

2.09	Opinion Evidence (Expert Witnesses)

2.10	Opinion Evidence (Lay Witnesses) (F.R.E. 701)

2.11	Limited Admissibility: Evidence Admitted for a Limited Purpose

2.12	Limited Admissibility: Evidence Admitted Against Only One Defendant

2.13	Prior Conviction of Defendant Charged with Possession of a Firearm by a Convicted Felon (18 U.S.C.A. § 922(g))

2.14	Stricken Testimony, Disregard

2.15	Prior Consistent Statements (F.R.E. 801(d)(1)(B))

2.16	Impeachment of Witness – Prior Inconsistent Statement for Credibility Only

2.17	Impeachment of Defendant's Character Witness (F.R.E. 404, 405)

2.18	Impeachment of Witness – Prior Bad Acts (F.R.E. 608(b))

2.19	Impeachment of Witness – Prior Conviction (F.R.E. 609)

2.20	Impeachment of Witness – Violation of Sequestration Order

2.21	Fifth Amendment Privilege of Witness Other Than the Defendant

2.22	Witness Who Has Pleaded Guilty to the Same or Related Charges

2.23	Defendant's Prior Bad Acts or Crimes (F.R.E. 404(b))

2.24	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Bad Acts (F.R.E. 608(b))

2.25	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Conviction (F.R.E. 609)

2.26	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Inconsistent Statement Taken in Violation of Miranda

2.27	Prior Statement of Defendant – Single Defendant on Trial

2.28	Prior Statement of a Defendant – Multi-Defendant Trial

2.29	Photographs, Inflammatory

2.30	Photograph of Defendant ("Mug Shots")

2.31	Dismissal During Trial of Some Charges Against Single Defendant

2.32	Disposition During Trial of All Charges Against One or More Co-Defendant(s)

2.33	Previous Proceeding (Trial) of Defendant

2.34	Disruptive Defendant

2.35	Discharge of Defense Counsel During Trial

2.36	Prejudicial Publicity During Trial

2.37	Instructions Prior to Closing Arguments

Chapter 3. Final Instructions: General

3.01	Role of Jury

3.02	Evidence

3.03	Direct and Circumstantial Evidence

3.04	Credibility of Witnesses

3.05	Not All Evidence, Not All Witnesses Needed

3.06	Presumption of Innocence; Burden of Proof; Reasonable Doubt

3.07	Nature of Indictment

3.08	On or About

3.09	Venue

3.10	Elements of Offense(s) Charged

3.11	Lesser Included Offenses

3.12	Separate Consideration – Single Defendant Charged With Multiple Offenses

3.13	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Single Offense

3.14	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Same Offense

3.15	Separate Consideration – Multiple Defendants Charged With Different Offenses

3.16	Election Of Foreperson; Unanimous Verdict; Do Not Consider Punishment; Duty To Deliberate; Communication With Court

3.17	Verdict Form

3.18	Special Verdict Form; Special Interrogatories

Chapter 4. Final Instructions: Consideration of Particular Kinds of Evidence

4.01	Stipulated Testimony

4.02	Stipulation of Fact

4.03	Judicial Notice (F.R.E. 201)

4.04	Audio/Video Recordings - Consensual

4.05	Audio/Video Recordings - Non-consensual

4.06	Audio/Video Recordings - Transcripts

4.07	Transcript of Recording in Foreign Language

4.08	Opinion Evidence (Expert Witnesses)

4.09	Opinion Evidence (Lay Witnesses) (F.R.E. 701)

4.10	Summaries – Not Admitted

4.11	Summaries – Admitted (F.R.E 1006)

4.12	Chain of Custody

4.13	Fingerprints, Handwriting, and DNA Evidence

4.14	Specific Investigation Techniques Not Required

4.15	Eyewitness Identification of the Defendant

4.16	Missing Witness

4.17	Child Witness

4.18	Credibility of Witnesses – Law Enforcement Officer

4.19	Credibility of Witnesses - Witness Who Has Pleaded Guilty to Same or Related Offense, Accomplices, Immunized Witnesses, Cooperating Witnesses

4.20	Credibility of Witnesses - Testimony of Informer

4.21	Credibility of Witnesses - Testimony of Addict or Substance Abuser

4.22	Impeachment of Witness – Prior Inconsistent Statement for Credibility Only

4.23	Impeachment - Bad Character for Truthfulness (F.R.E. 608(a))

4.24	Impeachment of Witness - Prior Bad Acts (F.R.E. 608(b))

4.25	Impeachment of Witness - Prior Conviction (F.R.E. 609)

4.26	False in One, False in All (Falsus in Uno, Falsus in Omnibus)

4.27	Defendant's Choice not to Testify or Present Evidence

4.28	Defendant's Testimony

4.29	Defendant's Prior Bad Acts or Crimes (F.R.E. 404(b))

4.30	Consciousness of Guilt (Flight, Concealment, Use of an Alias, etc.)

4.31	Consciousness of Guilt (False Exculpatory Statements)

4.32	Prior Statement of Defendant – Single Defendant on Trial

4.33	Prior Statement of Non-testifying Defendant in Multi-Defendant Trial

4.34	Silence in the Face of Accusation

4.35	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Bad Acts (F.R.E. 608(b))

4.36	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Conviction (F.R.E. 609)

4.37	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Inconsistent Statement Taken in Violation of Miranda

4.38	Impeachment of Defendant - Prior Inconsistent Statement Not Taken in Violation of Miranda

4.39	Defendant's Character Evidence

4.40	Impeachment of Defendant's Character Witness

Chapter 5. Final Instructions: Consideration of Mental State

5.01	Proof of Required Mental State

5.02	Knowingly

5.03	Intentionally

5.04	Motive Explained

5.05	Willfully

5.06	Willful Blindness

5.07	Good Faith Defense

5.08	Recklessly

5.09	Negligently

5.10	Failure to Act (Omissions)

Chapter 6. Final Instructions: Elements Of Offenses

Bankruptcy Fraud

6.18.152(1)	Bankruptcy - Fraudulent Concealment of Assets - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. §152(1))

Bribery of Public Officials and Witnesses

6.18.201B1	Bribery of a Public Official (18 U.S.C. § 201(b)(1))

6.18.201B1-1	Bribery of a Public Official – "Public Official" Defined

6.18.201B1-2	Bribery of a Public Official – "Official Act" Defined

6.18.201B1-3	Bribery of a Public Official – "Corruptly" Defined

6.18.201B2	Receiving Bribe by Public Official (18 U.S.C. §201(b)(2))

6.18.201B3	Bribery of a Witness (18 U.S.C. §201(b)(3))

6.18.201B4	Soliciting Bribe by Witness (18 U.S.C. §201(b)(4))

6.18.201C1A	Illegal Gratuity to a Public Official (18 U.S.C. § 201(c)(1)(A))

6.18.201C1B	Receiving Gratuity by a Public Official (18 U.S.C. § 201(c)(1)(B))

Conspiracy

6.18.371A	Conspiracy to Commit an Offense Against the United States – Basic Elements

6.18.371B	Conspiracy to Defraud the United States – Basic Elements

6.18.371C	Conspiracy – Existence of an Agreement

6.18.371D	Conspiracy – Membership in the Agreement

6.18.371E	Conspiracy – Mental States

6.18.371F	Conspiracy – Overt Acts

6.18.371G	Conspiracy – Success Immaterial

6.18.371H	Conspiracy – Single or Multiple Conspiracies

6.18.371I	Conspiracy – Duration

6.18.371J	Conspiracy – Withdrawal Before the Commission of an Overt Act as a Defense to Conspiracy

6.18.371K	Conspiracy – Withdrawal as Defense to Conspiracy Based on Statute of Limitations

6.18.371L	Conspiracy – Acts and Statements of Co-Conspirators

Misapplication of Bank Funds

6.18.656	Misapplication of Bank Funds (18 U.S.C. § 656)

6.18.656-1	Misapplication of Bank Funds - Intent to Defraud Defined

Theft from Interstate Shipment and related offenses

6.18.659A	Theft From Interstate Shipment (18 U.S.C. §659) (First Paragraph)

6.18.659B	Possession of Property Stolen from an Interstate Shipment (18 U.S.C. §659) (Second Paragraph)

6.18.659B -1	Possession of Property Stolen from an Interstate Shipment - Inference of Knowledge from Possession of Recently Stolen Property

Theft, Bribery, and Solicitation of Bribery - Programs Receiving Federal Funds

6.18.666A1A	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds (18 U.S.C. §666(a)(1)(A))

6.18.666A1A-1	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds - Agent Defined

6.18.666A1A-2	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds - Received Federal Funds Defined

6.18.666A1A-3	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds - Stole, Embezzled, Converted, and Misapplied Defined

6.18.666A1A-4	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds - Belonging to and In the Care, Custody, or Control of Defined

6.18.666A1A-5	Theft Concerning a Program Receiving Federal Funds - Determining Value of Property

6.18.666A1B	Solicitation of a Bribe by an Agent of a Program Receiving Federal Funds (18 U.S.C. §666(a)(1)(B))

6.18.666A1B-1	Solicitation of a Bribe - Thing of Value Defined

6.18.666A1B-2	Solicitation of a Bribe - Corruptly with Intent to be Influenced Defined

6.18.666A1B-3	Solicitation of a Bribe - Determining Value of Transaction

6.18.666A2	Bribery of an Agent of a Program Receiving Federal Funds (18 U.S.C. §666(a)(2))

6.18.666A2-1	Bribery of an Agent - Thing of Value Defined

6.18.666A2-2	Bribery of an Agent - Corruptly with Intent to Influence Defined

6.18.666A2-3	Bribery of an Agent - Determining Value of Transaction

Firearm Offenses

6.18.922A	False Statement in Purchase of a Firearm (18 U.S.C. § 922(a)(6))

6.18.922A-1	Firearm Offenses – Dealer Defined

6.18.922A-2	Firearm Offenses – Firearm Defined

6.18.922A-3	Firearm Offenses – Material Defined

6.18.922D	Sale of Firearm to Convicted Felon (18 U.S.C. § 922(d)(1))

6.18.922D-1	Firearms Offenses – Reasonable Cause to Believe Defined

6.18.922G	Felon In Possession of Firearm (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)) (non-bifurcated proceeding)

6.18.922G-1	Felon In Possession of Firearm (18 U.S.C. § 922(g)) (bifurcated proceeding)

6.18.922G-2	Proof of Prior Conviction

6.18.922G-3	Evidence of Prior Conviction of Defendant Charged with Possession of a Firearm by a Convicted Felon (18 U.S.C. § 922(g))

6.18.922G-4	Firearm Offenses – Knowing Possession Defined

6.18.922G-5	Firearm Offenses – In or Affecting Interstate or Foreign Commerce Defined

6.18.922J	Possession of Stolen Firearm (18 U.S.C. § 922(j))

6.18.922K	Possession of Firearm With Serial Number Removed, Obliterated, or Altered (18 U.S.C. § 922(k))

6.18.924A	Possession of a Firearm In Furtherance of Crime of Violence or Drug Trafficking Crime (18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1))

6.18.924A-1	"In Furtherance of" Defined

6.18.924B	Using or Carrying a Firearm During Any Crime of Violence or Drug Trafficking Crime (18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1))

Fraud Offenses - Mail, Wire, Bank, and Health Care

6.18.1341	Mail Fraud – Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 1341)

6.18.1341-1	Mail, Wire, or Bank Fraud – "Scheme to Defraud or to Obtain Money or Property" Defined

6.18.1341-2	Mail, Wire, or Bank Fraud- Unanimity Required

6.18.1341-3	Mail or Wire Fraud – Protected Interests: Honest Services

6.18.1341-4	Mail or Wire Fraud – "Intent to Defraud" Defined

6.18.1341-5	Mail Fraud – "Use of the Mails" Defined

6.18.1341-6	Mail Fraud – Each Use of the Mails a Separate Offense

6.18.1343	Wire Fraud – Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 1343)

6.18.1343-1	Wire Fraud – "Transmits by means of wire, radio, or television communication in interstate commerce" - Defined

6.18.1343-2	Wire Fraud – Each Transmission by Wire Communication a Separate Offense

6.18.1344	Bank Fraud - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 1344)

6.18.1344-1	Bank Fraud – "Intent to Defraud" Defined

6.18.1347	Health Care Fraud - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 1347)

6.18.1347-1	Health Care Fraud – "Intent to Defraud" Defined

6.18.1347-2	Health Care Fraud - Affecting Interstate Commerce

Obstruction of Justice

6.18.1503C	Obstruction of Justice (18 U.S.C. §1503)

6.18.1512A2	Obstruction of Justice - Witness Tampering Through Physical Force or Threat of Physical Force (18 U.S.C. § 1512 (a)(2)(A) and (B))

6.18.1512A2-1	Obstruction of Justice - Hindering Communication Through Physical Force or Threat of Physical Force (18 U.S.C. § 1512 (a)(2)(C))

6.18.1512B	Obstruction of Justice - Witness Tampering Through Intimidation, Threats, or Corrupt Persuasion (18 U.S.C. § 1512 (b)(1) and (2))

6.18.1512B-1	Obstruction of Justice - Hindering Communication Through Intimidation, Threats, or Corrupt Persuasion (18 U.S.C. § 1512 (b)(3))

6.18.1512E	Affirmative Defense - Truth-Seeking Lawful Conduct

6.18.1513B	Retaliating Against a Witness, Victim, or Informant (18 U.S.C. § 1513 (b))

Hobbs Act Extortion and Robbery

6.18.1951	Hobbs Act - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 1951)

6.18.1951-1	Hobbs Act - Robbery Defined

6.18.1951-2	Hobbs Act - Extortion by Force, Violence, or Fear

6.18.1951-3	Hobbs Act - "Unlawful Taking by Force, Violence or Fear" Defined

6.18.1951-4	Hobbs Act - "Fear of Injury" Defined

6.18.1951-5	Hobbs Act - Property Defined

6.18.1951-6	Hobbs Act - Extortion Under Color of Official Right

6.18.1951-7	Hobbs Act - Affecting Interstate Commerce

Money Laundering

6.18.1956A	Money Laundering - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. §1956(a)(1))

6.18.1956-1	Money Laundering - Conducting a Financial Transaction Defined

6.18.1956-2	Money Laundering - Interstate Commerce Defined

6.18.1956-3	Money Laundering - Proceeds of a Specified Unlawful Activity Defined

6.18.1956-4	Money Laundering - Knowledge that Property Represents Proceeds of Some Form of Unlawful Activity Defined

6.18.1956-5	Money Laundering - Intent to Promote, Intent to Conceal or Disguise, Intent to Avoid Reporting Requirement Defined

6.18.1956-6	Money Laundering - Unanimity Required

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO)

6.18.1962C	RICO – Conducting or Participating in the Conduct of the Affairs of an Enterprise Through A Pattern Of Racketeering Activity; Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. §1962(c))

6.18.1962C-1	RICO – "Enterprise" Defined Generally

6.18.1962C-2	RICO – "Enterprise;" Association in Fact Defined

6.18.1962C-3	RICO – "Engaged in, or the Activities of Which Affect, Interstate or Foreign Commerce" Defined

6.18.1962C-4	RICO – "Employed by or Associated with Any Enterprise" Defined

6.18.1962C-5	RICO – "Conduct or Participate, Directly or Indirectly, in the Conduct of Such Enterprise's Affairs" Defined

6.18.1962C-6	RICO – "Pattern Of Racketeering Activity" Defined

6.18.1962C-7	RICO – "Racketeering Activity" Defined

6.18.1962C-8	RICO – "Unlawful Debt" Defined

6.18.1962C-9 RICO – Verdict Form and Special Interrogatories

6.18.1962D	RICO – Conspiracy; Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. §1962(d))

6.18.1963	RICO – Criminal Forfeiture of Property (18 U.S.C.§ 1963)

Bank Robbery

18.2113A	Bank Robbery - Unarmed - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 2113(a))

18.2113D	Bank Robbery - Armed - Elements of the Offense (18 U.S.C. § 2113(d))

18.2113 -1	Bank Robbery - Inference From Possession of Recently Stolen Money

Controlled Substances

6.21.841A	Controlled Substances – Possession with Intent to (Manufacture) (Distribute) (21 U.S.C. § 841(a) & (b))

6.21.841-1	Controlled Substances – Possession Defined

6.21.841-2	Controlled Substances – Distribute Defined

6.21.841-3	Controlled Substances – Controlled Substance Defined

6.21.841-4	Controlled Substances – Knowingly or Intentionally Defined

6.21.841-5	Controlled Substances – Intent to Manufacture or Distribute Defined

6.21.841B	Controlled Substances – (Manufacture) (Distribute) a Controlled Substance (21 U.S.C. § 841(a) & (b))

6.21.841C	Controlled Substances – Special Interrogatories and Verdict Forms With Respect to Weight

6.21.844	Controlled Substances – Possession (21 U.S.C. § 844)

6.21.846A	Controlled Substances – Attempt to (Distribute) (Possess with Intent to Manufacture / Distribute) (Manufacture) (Possess) (21 U.S.C. § 846)

6.21.846B	Controlled Substances – Conspiracy to (Distribute) (Possess with Intent to Manufacture / Distribute) (Manufacture) (Possess) (21 U.S.C. § 846)

Forfeiture

6.21.853	Criminal Forfeiture of Property (Controlled Substances; 21 U.S.C. § 853)

Unregistered Firearm

6.26.5861	Possession of an Unregistered Firearm (26 U.S.C. § 5861)

Tax Offenses

6.26.7201	Tax Evasion - Elements of the Offense (26 U.S.C. § 7201)

6.26.7201-1	Tax Evasion - Tax Deficiency Defined

6.26.7201-2	Tax Evasion - Computation of Tax Deficiency

6.26.7201-3	Tax Evasion - Affirmative Attempt to Evade or Defeat Defined

6.26.7201-4	Tax Evasion - Willfully Defined

6.26.7203	Failure to File a Tax Return - Elements of the Offense (26 U.S.C. § 7203)

6.26.7203-1	Failure to File a Tax Return - Requirement That a Return Be Filed

6.26.7203-2	Failure to File a Tax Return - Failure To File

6.26.7206	False Income Tax Return - Elements of the Offense (26 U.S.C. § 7206(1))

6.26.7206-1	False Income Tax Return - Making or Subscribing a Return Defined

6.26.7206-2	False Income Tax Return - Return Made Under Penalties of Perjury

6.26.7206-3	False Income Tax Return - Return Was Materially False

6.26.7206-4	False Income Tax Return - Defendant's Knowledge of Falsity

6.26.7206-5	False Income Tax Return - Unanimity as to Falsity

Chapter 7. Final Instructions: Additional Bases for Criminal Responsibility

7.01	Attempt

7.02	Accomplice Liability; Aiding and Abetting

7.03	Responsibility for Substantive Offenses Committed by Co-Conspirators (Pinkerton Liability)

7.04	Withdrawal as a Defense to Substantive Offenses Committed by Co-Conspirators

7.05	Causing the Criminal Acts of Another

7.06	Corporate Criminal Responsibility

7.07	Personal Criminal Responsibility of a Corporate Agent

7.08	Accessory After the Fact

Chapter 8. Final Instructions: Defenses And Theories Of Defense

8.01	Theory of Defense

8.02	Alibi

8.03	Duress (Coercion)

8.04	Justification (Necessity)

8.05	Entrapment

8.06	Insanity

8.07	Voluntary Intoxication (Drug Use)

Chapter 9. Supplemental Instructions

9.01	Retention of Alternate Jurors

9.02	Response To Jury Questions

9.03	Reading of Testimony

9.04	Sending Jury Home Overnight

9.05	Deadlocked Jury – Return for Deliberations

9.06	Deadlocked Jury – Discharge

9.07	Taking the Verdict

9.08	Partial Verdict

9.09	Return To Deliberations After Polling